Climate Change and Food Insecurity: Risks and Responses in Bulilima District of Zimbabwe

Abstract

The effects of climate change have been felt across food supply chain due to floods, hurricanes and droughts. As a result, it has led to food security risks resulting from food production and price volatility. Climate is now the primary determinant of agricultural productivity and, in this respect, climate and food availability are deeply intertwined. The purpose of the study is to interrogate the implications of climate variability on food security on rural households in Bulilima District of Zimbabwe. Specifically, the study seeks to discuss the drivers of food insecurity in Bulilima District and examine the implications of climate change on household food production and food security. The study adopted a mixed method approach where document analysis, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with key informants. The results show that climate change has reduced crop yields and local food supplies as well as livestock production. Such repercussions have an implication on household income and purchasing power parity. Households have resorted to the diversification of their livelihood portfolios in an attempt to deal with the reparations of food security and climate change. The study concludes that in order for households to improve their livelihoods, they need to focus on portfolios that can increase their access to food and increase their household income in order to adapt and withstand the risks of climate change. In responding to climate risks, the study recommends the use of high temperature resistant crops. To help them adapt to climate change, rural poor communities need to be provided with resources that support farm and non-farm activities.