Prevalence of endo- and ectoparasites and their related epidemiology during the rainy season: Evaluation for cattle breed selection in a semi-arid wildlife zone /

Abstract

Cattle health in wildlife zones is often compromised by parasitic infestations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and epidemiology of ecto- and endoparasites among cattle inhabiting a semi-arid wildlife zone, examining the influence of age, breed, and tolerance. A total of 320 cattle were surveyed, and a representative sample of 36 animals (using random selection methods) from different age groups (calves, weaners, adults) and breeds (Brahman, Angus, Beef master) were chosen for detailed parasite analysis. Parasite identification was conducted with veterinary assistance and supplemented by relevant literature. A high prevalence of ectoparasites was observed, with four prominent hard tick species identified which included the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decloratus (27.44 ticks per animal), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (10.50), Amblyomma variegatum (0.83), and Hyalomma spp (0.44). Additionally, internal parasites were identified including Fasciola spp (0.14), Fasciola eggs (1.89), Trematode eggs (2.81), Strongyle eggs (2.50), and Ascaris lumbricoides (0.14). Weaners exhibited a higher susceptibility to parasitic burdens, while the Beef master breed displayed a significantly low parasite count compared to other breeds. Brahman and Angus breeds demonstrated tolerance to parasites, with minimal recorded mortality. Although a direct correlation between wildlife and cattle diseases was not established, the study investigated potential shared parasites with commonly encountered wildlife species in the zone. These findings highlight the importance of targeted parasite control programs, particularly for weaners, to minimize health risks and enhance herd well-being in wildlife zones. Implementing parasite management strategies tailored to breed-specific tolerances and age groups is crucial for optimal cattle health and productivity in such environment.